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標題: 蒙古發現保存完好幼年特暴龍化石 (圖文/視頻)  
 
fossilshk (Lung)
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[廣告]:
蒙古發現保存完好幼年特暴龍化石 (圖文/視頻)


古生物學家在蒙古發現了一具保存完好的特暴龍化石


即使最讓人恐怖的食肉恐龍也曾有自己的童年。
   如今,科學家在蒙古發現了霸王龍(Tyrannosaurs rex)的一個最不成熟的親戚——一隻近乎完好的2到3歲(相當於人類的7到8歲)的恐龍化石。
   
    根據5月9日發表在《古脊椎生物學雜誌》上的一篇論文,這具生活在7000萬年前的白堊紀的恐龍化石屬於特暴龍(Tarbosaurus bataar),這是暴龍家族中的一種龐大的食肉恐龍,其從頭至尾的長度相當於一幢4層高的樓房。
   
    經過詳盡的解剖分析,日本東京市自然與科學國家博物館的TAKANOBU TSUIHIJI與蒙古和美國的同事認為,這只幼小的恐龍——其體型與成人相倣——尚不能像它的父母那樣碾碎骨骼,或是運用下顎強勁的咬合力與切向力。
   
    因此,與那些並未與其同行且以其他大型恐龍為食的成年個體不同,幼小的特暴龍很可能會捕食小型的爬行動物。
   
    研究人員指出,在動物王國中,一個幼年個體與一個成年個體之間在飲食上的差異如此之大確實非常罕見,並且在恐龍的世界中也是史無前例的。
   
    研究人員表示,如果古生物學家對於特暴龍的了解尚不及現在的多,那麼他們很可能將這一幼年個體劃歸為另一個物種。
   
    霸王龍又名暴龍,是一種大型的肉食性恐龍,身長約13米,體重約7噸,生存于白堊紀末期。目前大量的化石材料使得科學家有足夠的資料研究暴龍生理的各個層面,包括生長模式與生物力學,有些研究人員也發現了軟組織與蛋白質。但霸王龍的食性、生理機能以及移動速度,仍在爭論當中。
中國經濟網 2011年5月12日




2011-5-14 06:58 PM#1
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fossilshk (Lung)
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[廣告]:
Toddler Tyrannosaur Redefines 'Terrible Two

THE GIST
-The remains of a two- to three-year-old tyrannosaur reveal that even toddler dinos were skillful hunters.
-While adult tyrannosaurs wielded their power and size to kill large prey, youngsters used agility and speed to take down other game.
-The discovery shows that the parents didn't have to compete with their offspring, since each targeted different prey.




The skull of a 2-year-old juvenile Tarbosaurus , an adult skull and a teenage skull for comparison.

The youngest and most complete known skull and skeleton for a tyrannosaur reveal that even juveniles among these infamous carnivores were strong hunters, capable of outrunning and killing other dinosaurs, according to new research.

The remains, described in the latest Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, belong to a two to three-year-old Tarbosaurus bataar, the closest known relative of Tyrannosaurus rex. It lived 70 million years ago and died young of unknown causes.

While this juvenile dinosaur gives new meaning to the "terrible twos," it also provides evidence that young tyrannosaurs looked and behaved differently than their parents did.

"The adult's head would be much more robust and rugged-looking, with more prominent facial ornaments (such as various crests and bumps), whereas the juvenile's head would have been much sleeker and more delicate looking," co-author Lawrence Witmer told Discovery News. "Many of us humans get kind of nastier looking as we get older too!"

"There would have been other differences, such as longer, more gangly, legs in the juvenile and generally a more slender body," added Witmer, an Ohio University paleontologist.

He and his colleagues made the determinations after extensively analyzing the young dinosaur's remains, which were unearthed in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. The researchers believe the Tarbosaurus was nine feet in total length, about three feet high at the hip, and weighed about 70 pounds.

In contrast, adults of this species were 35 to 40 feet long, 15 feet high, and six tons in weight. The life expectancy was probably about 25 years, based on comparisons with T. rex.

"Tarbosaurus is found in the same rocks as giant herbivorous dinosaurs like the long-necked Opisthocoelicaudia and the duckbill hadrosaur Saurolophus," said Mahito Watabe, who led the expedition to Mongolia and is at the Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences in Okayama. "But the young juvenile Tarbosaurus would have hunted smaller prey, perhaps something like the bony-headed dinosaur Prenocephale."

The head of the youngster was too lightweight to handle the biting, twisting, and chomping required of its parents' larger prey, but the juvenile dinosaur's long legs suggest that it was a fast and agile runner. Prenocephale was probably just one of many animals that young Tarbosaurus likely hunted.

"There are also several lizards known from the Nemegt Formation, and they were other potential targets for the juvenile," co-author Takanobu Tsuihiji of Tokyo's National Museum of Nature and Science told Discovery News.

The differences between juvenile and adult tyrannosaurs may have reduced competition among them and strengthened their role as dominant predators in their environments. Since young Tarbosaurus was no weak toddler, the discovery helps to bolster the argument that tyrannosaurs were active predators and not just scavengers, as some other paleontologists have suggested.

That doesn't mean the meat-hungry dinosaurs would have passed up a free meal.

"The youngsters probably took mostly live prey and maybe some carrion, whereas the older guys would have had the power to kill, but also the imposing size to take over the kills of others and feast on carrion," Witmer explained.

Stephen Brusatte, an American Museum of Natural History paleontologist, told Discovery News that the young dinosaur "is an exceptional discovery" that "provides a remarkable glimpse into the anatomy, body proportions, and diet of young tyrannosaurs."

"This specimen is especially important because it is so well preserved, and because it is so young," Brusatte added. "It tells us what a toddler tyrannosaurid would have looked like, and it's thrilling to visualize what these quintessential dinosaurian super-predators looked like when they were so small and young."

Since the young Tarbosaurus' remains can unequivocally be linked to a particular species, they may, in future, shed important light on more controversial isolated fossil finds.
Discovery News May 9, 2011




2011-5-14 07:03 PM#2
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fossilshk (Lung)
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Skull growth in the Mongolian tyrannosaur Tarbosaurus


Juvenile skull of the Mongolian tyrannosaur Tarbosaurus




2011-5-14 07:12 PM#3
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謝謝fossilshk兄的詳細報導!! 我好喜歡個頭骨非常完整呀



2011-5-14 09:50 PM#4
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真的好完整好漂亮
2011-5-16 06:58 PM#5
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難得一見完整化石,資料亦非常充足及完整



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2011-6-10 08:31 PM#6
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